0000026033 00000 n Banana wilt occurs on mature plants before the fruit has ripened (Photo1). This bacterium causes Banana bacterial wilt (BBW). /Producer (�� Q t 4 . 0000008864 00000 n 0000005189 00000 n 0000002477 00000 n h�b```b``3f`c`��� "�@Q��f ���I�]x�z(7��k�x:".�T� ����:� 6 �8f6i ���11�4�>`Qare�;���v�щAȁe��o�& ���Xc��1�t�c����������,��00208D}S�� �� h#cE����S���t�7pdz3p��f �#�1p��`���l�nw&��+i相 �n��! /SMask /None>> >> 0000071105 00000 n 0000012421 00000 n << /SA true endobj 0000001610 00000 n 0000001779 00000 n endobj /CreationDate (D:20171114095651+10'00') 0000002865 00000 n musacearum . The leaves turn yellow and fall, and young plants flower prematurely. 0000025825 00000 n "$"$�� C�� � �" �� 0000001256 00000 n $4�%�&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz�������������������������������������������������������������������������� ? 0000005413 00000 n The disease attacks all banana cultivars and can cause up to 100% yield losses at the farm level if effective control measures are not taken. musacearum BXW produces a distinctive premature ripening of fruit, which eventually rots. 0000063896 00000 n BXW can be confused with Fusarium wilt, caused by a fungus. 0000013017 00000 n 0000109729 00000 n 0000009151 00000 n �� � } !1AQa"q2���#B��R��$3br� /Creator (�� w k h t m l t o p d f 0 . Symptoms and Damages. Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW), or banana bacterial wilt (BBW) or enset wilt is a bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. %PDF-1.4 1 2 . After being originally identified on a close relative of banana, Ensete ventricosum, in Ethiopia in the 1960s, BXW emanated in Uganda in 2001 affecting all types of banana cultivars.
80 0 obj <> endobj xref 80 48 0000000016 00000 n %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz���������������������������������������������������������������������������
Internally, there is a rot of the pseudostem (Photo 2), sometimes accompanied by a foul smell. cubense, and bacterial wilt, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. <<
banana fruit bunches and leaves clean and free from bacteria. Banana xanthomonas wilt Xanthomonas campestris pv. stream 0000005853 00000 n %PDF-1.4 %���� 3 0 obj 0000001941 00000 n /Height 250 0000074107 00000 n 0000065428 00000 n
/ca 1.0 << trailer <<388D45B78DF54411B129D87D0DBC6A92>]/Prev 580054/XRefStm 1610>> startxref 0 %%EOF 127 0 obj <>stream
0000006402 00000 n 0000009532 00000 n carotovora and Erwinia chrysanthemi. /Subtype /Image 0000007697 00000 n 0000010328 00000 n [/Pattern /DeviceRGB] Rhizome rot, is also caused by Erwinia carotovora ssp. Major diseases are fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. 0000063935 00000 n 0000008474 00000 n 0000063857 00000 n
4 0 obj 0000109768 00000 n
The leaves hang around the stem like a skirt. Major pests are the banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) and a complex of plant-parasitic nematodes (Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus spp., Helicotylenchus multicinctus, and Meloidogyne spp.). /Type /XObject endobj Since then BXW has been diagnosed in Central and East Africa including banana growing regions of: Rwanda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, Burundi, and Ug… Bacterial wilt of banana, or banana Xanthomonas wilt (often called BXW), is a relatively new disease that infects bananas. /AIS false The disease spreads easily through insects or through infected tools or clothing. 0000025964 00000 n 8 . Applying banana waste from infected banana plants into banana fields as mulches or compost manure is one of the leading means of transmitting banana bacterial wilt [89, 167]. �T�eW���E�U��w��c��V�utM�eZe%�z�� ��~��`�jw��*���e����6��keZ��˄��� ��g��^�xGÚHc�a�i �ߙ��1��B�F��e�_�Q�� :�k7�t�*����J� 'F�t�D:v�ml�s�0 ����8�$�>�b��8jTW� DEE?������T��?�V�5�n�B/�W�������y_����Vv�V�p!��� z�b�pr@k�|u�7 �u%7ZR� ���YʬS�9�b=��ms��KY�t�yf�5d��Im�+�� �C���1,|/���Yɹ�V��S���g� 0000343100 00000 n
0000004829 00000 n 0000003787 00000 n 0000011817 00000 n Bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt of banana can be distinguished as in Fusarium wilt there are no symptoms on fruits and no bacterial ooze. Banana Wilt disease which has spread throughout the region but at different levels. /BitsPerComponent 8 The plants die about a month after the infection. /Length 7 0 R It has been found to be very destructive with an incidence of 70–80% in many plantations. 0000345061 00000 n 2) First symptom is dull green colouration of the lamina which assumes a The bacterial wilt affects younger leaves, though, and leaves collapse inwards. 0000070986 00000 n musacearum. 0000025787 00000 n 7) Leaves of mature plants wilt and die. 0000025318 00000 n �� � w !1AQaq"2�B���� #3R�br� /CA 1.0 /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB 0000004354 00000 n /Type /ExtGState /Filter /DCTDecode Fruit rot and fruit stalk discoloration as well as wilting or blackened regrowth suckers are characteristic (non-exclusive) symptoms for moko. 0000005300 00000 n 6 0 obj /SM 0.02 >> 0000011043 00000 n
On young plants, wilt can progress rapidly.
0000003168 00000 n 0000007521 00000 n
*v Ȋ 0000111859 00000 n 1 0 obj All banana cultivars in the affected areas are susceptible to BBW.